280,000 people (about a third of the total population) are in a chronic food insecurity situation requiring urgent intervention aimed, in particular, at improving food consumption, preventing malnutrition, promoting programs of safety nets and the elimination or reduction of the factors underlying this food insecurity. The most severely affected areas are the Obock regions in the north, the Ali Sabieh and Dikhil regions in the south, with respectively 30%, 25% and 20% of the rural population at IPC Level 4 (Severe). In the capital and its periphery (Balbala), 15% and 25% respectively are at Level 3, about 113,000 people. This analysis was done using data covering the period 2007 to 2017, however, the results will be valid for 5 years, from 2018 to 2022.

Rural populations, particularly in the livelihood zones of the Northeast (covering the north of Dikhil and Tadjourah) and in the south (Dikhil and Ali sabieh), are the most vulnerable and the most affected by chronic food insecurity. Overall, the food situation in the urban areas (capitals of regions and the capital) is better than in the rural areas, with the exception of the Obock region, where both the capital and rural areas were classified at IPC Level 4 (Severe).

Between 2007 and 2017, Djibouti experienced two periods of high inflation, following which market prices never regained their normal course (in 2008 with the global economic crisis and in 2011 with soaring oil prices). The structure of markets at the national level remains largely dependent on the import of consumer goods, and the distribution networks are in most cases centralized at the level of the capital. The country's economy has been strongly impacted by these two waves of inflation. In addition to this macroeconomic situation, the recurring droughts of the last decade have affected the assets of agropastoral households, as well as their access to already scarce natural resources.

• For populations with Severe and Moderate Chronic Food Insecurity (Level 3+), it is strongly recommended to develop urgent actions aimed at eliminating or limiting the underlying factors of chronic food insecurity, through the promotion of safety net programs, to improve access and food consumption to prevent malnutrition.
• Promote access to food in quantity and quality, by improving the purchasing power of families in chronic food insecurity (Level 3+) through programs to find solutions to the underlying factors.
• Encourage the development and implementation of programs to invest in disaster risk reduction, protect and strengthen livelihoods for people with mild chronic food insecurity (IPC Level 2).
• Protect the livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral populations through support for the reconstruction of their productive assets in order to improve the food and nutritional situation of households.
• Promouvoir des techniques agricoles sensibles aux effets des changements climatiques et aux cycles des sécheresses récurrentes, à travers les espèces plus résilientes et la promotion de la production animale.
• Promote agricultural techniques that are sensitive to the effects of climate change and recurrent drought cycles, through more resilient species and the promotion of animal production.